The Discovery Centre will bring business and universities together with students to work in cutting-edge laboratories and prepare them for careers in science and technology.
The £5 million project is the centrepoint of the school’s 600 campaign.
Work starts on February 24, with Norfolk-based construction company RG Carter carrying out the building work.
High Sheriff of Buckinghamshire Sir Stuart Hampson, the former chairman of the John Lewis Partnership, will attend the turf cutting ceremony at the school, along with Mayor of Buckingham Ruth Newell.
Buckingham MP John Bercow, Speaker of the House of Commons, is the lead patron of the 600 Campaign, which aims to raise £5 million to fund the Discovery centre project.
He said: “I am delighted that construction of the Discovery Centre is commencing, just 18 months after the launch of the 600 Campaign.
“The building will be a remarkable symbol not only of first class science education, but of what is possible when government, business and a school community unite to deliver an ambitious shared vision.
“I am thrilled that Buckingham will have such a splendid facility from which the school and wider community will benefit.”
Royal Latin head teacher David Hudson added: “This is a really important milestone for us, not just in relation to the 600 Campaign but in the broader context of the history of the school.
“It is incredible to think we are just over a year away from seeing students learning in such an innovative building.”
The campaign is still £400,000 short of its target, he added. “We are still working hard to attract donations both large and small,” Mr Hudson said.
